Table of Contents

• Abstract
  
  
• Introduction
  
  
• Convection in Rotating Frames
  
  
• The Experiment
  
  
• Results
  
  
• Conclusions
  
  
• Acknowledgements
  
  
• References
  
  

¹J. Pedlosky, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (Springer, 1987).

²T. G. Cowling, "The Magnetic Field of Sunspots," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 94, 39 (1934).

³K. R. Helfrich, "Thermals with background rotation and stratification," J. Fluid Mech. 259, 265 (1994).

⁴D. Chan, "Effects of Rotation on Turbulent Convection: Direct Numerical Simulation Using Parallel Computers," Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California (1996).

⁵H. J. S. Fernando, R. R. Chen and B. A. Ayotte, "Development of a Point Plume in the Presence of Background Rotation," Phys. Fluids 10, 2369 (1998).

⁶J. W. Lavelle, "Buoyancy-driven Plumes in Rotating, Stratified Cross Flows: Plume Dependence on Rotation, Turbulent Mixing, and Cross-flow Strength," J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3405 (1997).

⁷O. Sánchez, D. J. Raymond, L. Libersky and A. J. Petschek, "The Development of Thermals from Rest," J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 2280 (1989).

⁸G. S. Golytsyn, "Structure of Convection in Rapid Rotation," Dok. Akad. Nauk SSSR 261, 317 (1981).

⁹H. Jones and J. Marshal, "Convection with Rotation in a Neutral Ocean: A Study of Open-ocean Deep Convection," J. Physical Oceanography 23, 1009 (1993).

¹⁰S. Narimousa, "Penetrative turbulent convection into a rotating two-layer fluid," J. Fluid Mech. 321, 299 (1996).

¹¹E. N. Parker, Cosmical Magnetic Fields: Their Origin and Their Activity (Claredon Press, New York, 1978).

¹²S. A. Colgate, "Acceleration in Astrophysics," Physica Scripta T52, 96 (1994).

¹³W. Merzkirch, Flow Visualization (Academic Press, Orlando, 1987).

¹⁴Guanidine is a crystalline compound that is formed by the oxidation of guanine. Guanine is a white amorphous substance found in the scales of certain fishes, the guano of sea-birds, and the liver and pancreas of mammals. Another use of the label guanine is that of one of the five nucleotide bases of nucleic acids. The guanidine used in the PRX is derived from fish scales and found under the name of Mearlmaid. The guanine crystals are basically planar with a linear dimension on the surface of ~ 1 μm. The guanidine concentration used was ~ 5 parts in 10⁵.

¹⁵B. R. Morton, Sir Geoffrey Taylor and J. S. Turner, "Turbulent Gravitational Convection from Maintained and Instantaneous Sources," Proc. R. Soc. London, Sect. A, 1, 234 (1956).

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