We use EPIC 2001 observations along 95W to estimate surface and radiative heat fluxes into the ABL. The balance of heating is different over the cold tongue than over the warm SST to its north. Surface heat fluxes computed by turbulent covariances of high-resolution data from the C130 aircraft, the R/V Ron Brown, and the TAO buoys are compared to bulk flux estimates, and to modeled heat fluxes from an LES and the NCAR CCSM Atmosphere Model (CAM). The large air-sea temperature change across the SST front stresses the importance of a stability-dependent bulk flux formulation.
The radiative flux divergence from the ABL is calculated from the C130 radiometers. Radiation at cloud tops cools the ABL, so clear and cloudy-ABL scenes are compared to estimate the cloud radiative forcing. Estimates of low cloud fraction from the C130 LIDAR are compared with low cloud fraction from the CAM.